Electrochemical energy storage applications of functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials: An overview

An increasing amount of interest has been shown in the advancement of functionalized carbon nanomaterial-based electrode materials, which would make these electrodes more suitable for use in various electrochemical contexts, such as electrochemical (bio)sensors and energy storage devices. In particular, carbon-decorated nanomaterials have garnered considerable attention in the development of potential next-generation composites. These composites exhibit exceptional material properties, encompassing optical, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal attributes. In this review, we provide an overview of various approaches for the development of active carbon electrocatalysts that will find application in a wide range of energy storage applications, including supercapacitors, batteries, and solar cell technology. A further contribution of this article is that it provides insights into recent developments concerning the design of functionalized carbon-based composites. Furthermore, this review examines morphological structures, particle sizes, and electrochemical properties in order to identify emerging opportunities and challenges in a wide range of electrochemical applications.