A sample-to-answer, quantitative real-time PCR system with low-cost, gravity-driven microfluidic cartridge for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and human papillomavirus 16/18

We present a low-cost microfluidic cartridge design scheme that combines gravity-driven passive microfluidic pumping with extraction-free amplification to achieve “sample-in, answer-out” point-of-care nucleic acid detection within 30 minutes.