Nematode trophic networks drive stoichiometry-dependent plant-soil feedback across alpine grassland restoration chronosequences

微观世界 物种丰富度 生态学 草原 生物 营养循环 营养水平 生态系统 氮气循环 恢复生态学 营养物 生物量(生态学) 微型站点 农学 竞赛(生物学) 生态演替 碎屑岩 土壤生物学 生物多样性 矿化(土壤科学) 生态系统工程师 植被恢复 自行车 植物群落 生态化学计量学 线虫 营养状态指数
作者
Ming Sheng,Muhammad Ibrar,Yanbao Lei,Jie Shen,Xu Deng,Lilan Liu,Juan Xue,Geng Sun
出处
期刊:Geoderma [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:463: 117576-117576 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117576
摘要

• Nematodes shift from nutrient competitors to facilitators as grassland soils transition from high to low C:N ratios. • Fungivorous nematodes enhance nitrate-N and labile P in low C:N soils. • Nematodes reshape microbial networks from P to N cycling as restoration progresses. • Nematode grazing selectively reduces fungal species richness without affecting bacterial diversity. The reassembly of soil trophic networks is critical for grassland restoration on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, where alpine grassland ecosystems face severe degradation. Yet the mechanisms by which nematode-microbe interactions regulate nutrient cycling across successional stages remain unclear. Using controlled microcosm experiments with native communities from 2-year (early-stage; high C:N) and 12-year (late-stage; low C:N) restored grasslands, we demonstrate that nematode functional guilds drive plant-soil feedback via stoichiometric controls on microbial turnover. In early-stage soils, the combined bacterivorous ( Acrobeloides spp.) and fungivorous ( Aphelenchoides spp.) nematodes reduced plant biomass (39.9% aboveground, 23.8% belowground) while increasing labile phosphorus (83.6%), indicating nitrogen limitation of primary production. Conversely, in late-stage soils, nematodes enhanced plant growth (84.0% aboveground, 98.3% belowground) and nitrogen accumulation (65.1%), with fungivore-alone treatment increasing nitrate-N (92.9%) and labile P (35.9%). Microbial analyses revealed nematode-induced restructuring of co-occurrence networks, with early-stage modules linked to phosphorus mobilization and late-stage modules to nitrogen cycling. Nematodes selectively reduced fungal richness while maintaining bacterial diversity, consistent with preferential hyphal grazing. PLFA profiling showed a 16.3% decline in fungi:bacteria ratios under combined treatment in early-stage soils. Our findings highlight that nematodes drive restoration outcomes through stoichiometric thresholds, shifting from nutrient competition (high C:N) to facilitation (low C/N) via fungal grazing and microbial network restructuring. These results provide a predictive framework for managing soil fauna to optimize ecosystem recovery.
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