Stability Issues and Solutions for Perovskite Solar Cells

This chapter discusses the stability concerns for each functional layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and summarizes those strategies for solving them. The substrates for conventional PSCs are commonly glass coated with transparent conductive oxides such as fluorine-doped tin oxides and indium tin oxides. Metal oxide electron transport materials with reduced intrinsic surface defects are also potential choices for stable PSCs. The degradation of hole transport layer (HTL) during the working period also brings stability issues. The device configuration of hole-conductor-free p-MPSCs completely removes the instability concerns induced by the HTL. The back electrode for efficient PSCs including the metals of gold, silver, and aluminum is another important component of PSCs and brings stability concerns. Encapsulation, which isolates oxygen and moisture away from touching those functional layers in solar cells, is indispensable to guaranteeing long-term outdoor operational stability of PSCs.