Sustainable Strategies for Fixation of CO 2 into Valuable Chemicals Catalyzed by Functionalized Porous Materials

Abstract Bulk scale utilization of CO 2 as C1 feedstock is very demanding not only from the environmental perspective, but it is very challenging for addressing the global energy crisis, carbon recycling, and sustainability. Functionalized porous materials having CO 2 adsorption sites and large internal surface areas are the ideal candidates for catalyzing the fixation of CO 2 into fuels and commodity chemicals. In this review we have highlighted the advancements made in designing different class of microporous and mesoporous materials (zeolites, mesoporous materials, MOFs, COFs, POPs, metal phosphonates, etc.) over the years for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, polycarbonates, carbamates, N ‐formylated amines, polyhydroxyurethanes, ureas, imidazoles, and related heterocyclic compounds through CO 2 fixation reactions. Further, direct CO 2 reduction to methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), formic acid, ethanol, etc. are particularly important in the context of renewable energy. We have discussed the catalytic role of different class of porous nanomaterials for understanding the promotional role of the reactive sites in catalyzing these CO 2 conversion reactions. Mechanistic aspects of these chemical transformations are illustrated with a major emphasis on the key factors affecting the CO 2 and substrate activation processes. Finally, the challenges faced by the researchers in achieving the desired targets in these CO 2 conversion reactions are highlighted, which could contribute significantly in carbon recycling in the future.