Recent Unrevealing on Magnetic Hysteresis of Permanent Magnets

Magnetic hysteresis and coercivity mechanism of a permanent magnet have been long discussed, and their understandings have been significantly deepened during the last decade. Magnetization reversal in a permanent magnet proceeds with thermally activated nucleation and domain wall depinning processes followed by magnetic domain expansions. To treat theoretically the thermally activated magnetization reversal process, atomistic spin model and continuum calculations have been performed. Through these multi-scale calculations, the physical meanings of fluctuation field and activation volume which have been used phenomenologically become very clear. Experimental approaches for both microscopic and macroscopic thermally activated magnetization reversal processes and magnetic domain growths have been also performed. It is expected that these theoretical and experimental multi-scale studies will be integrated to fully understand the magnetic hysteresis and coercivity mechanism with the aid of data science technologies in the future.