Key Issues and Strategies of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

With the rapid growth of the world population and the further industrialization of modern society, the demand for energy continues to rise sharply. Hence, the development of alternative, renewable, and clean energy sources is urgently needed to address the impending energy crisis. Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries are drawing increased attention and are regarded as the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems. However, some challenges exist for both the anode and cathode, severely restricting the practical application of ZIBs. In this review, we focus on the issues related to the anode (such as dendrites growth, hydrogen evolution, and surface passivation). We discuss the causes of these challenges and summarize the strategies (such as surface engineering, electrolyte modification, and 3D structural skeleton and alloying) to overcome them. Finally, we discuss future opportunities and challenges of ZIBs regarding the Zn anode.