Osteoarthritis year in review 2024: Epidemiology and therapy

This "Year in Review" presents a curated selection of research themes and individual studies within the clinical osteoarthritis (OA) field, focusing on epidemiology and therapy. The search was conducted in electronic database MEDLINE from March 4, 2023, to March 31, 2024, specifically targeting English-language articles involving human participants. Inclusions were based on perceived importance and relevance to identifying risk factors or advancing OA treatments. A total of 6,539 studies were screened by the 5 authors, resulting in 157 studies considered for potential inclusion. Ultimately, 44 studies were selected, uncovering six key OA-related themes: i) the burden of OA (mostly from Global Burden of Disease studies), ii) pain drivers and trajectories, iii) impacts of sex/gender, iv) OA risk factors, and treatments for v) hand and vi) knee OA. The prevalence of OA continues to rise, particularly affecting women, with unclear distinctions in risk factors and treatment responses between sex. Associations with atopy were demonstrated in two significant databases. Notably, the authors were particularly interested in recent high-quality methodology randomised controlled trials focusing on hand (methotrexate, denosumab, colchicine, topical bethamethasone) and knee OA with conflicting results about stem cells injection. These findings collectively contribute to show the growing burden of OA, but also to help the understanding of OA pathophysiology and inform ongoing efforts to enhance management for people with OA.