Sustainable aviation fuels: Key opportunities and challenges in lowering carbon emissions for aviation industry

As the global aviation industry faces increasing demands for carbon reduction, the need for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is also rising. SAF is similar to traditional kerosene-based aviation fuel but has significantly lower carbon emissions. This reduction is achieved through various routes, including carbon capture technologies and the use of biogenic-carbon feedstock, such as biomass, which contribute to overall emission reduction. However, as a new alternative fuel, SAF's application is limited due to a lack of awareness among countries and the absence of relevant regulations. This paper provides an overview of the current state of kerosene-based aviation fuel, the advantages of SAF, and analyzes the development potential and market for SAF, drawing on international regulatory experiences and mainstream production routes. Additionally, it organizes the certification systems and standards for SAF and discusses its techno-economic viability, technological maturity, and environmental benefits, particularly in terms of carbon emissions reduction. Finally, recommendations for the future development of SAF are provided to guide the aviation industry's green transition and the comprehensive market application of SAF.