Seasonal patterns of nitrogen cycling in subtropical short-hydroperiod wetlands: Effects of precipitation and restoration

In the event of increased frequency of extreme wet or dry events resulting from climate change, it becomes more important to understand the temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) processes in ecosystems. Here, seasonal patterns of N cycling were characterized in subtropical wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Two restored sites and one reference site with different nutrient status, soil depth, and vegetation communities, were selected. Soil available N, microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and denitrification rates, enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured across the wet and dry seasons from 2010 to 2011. In general, most N processes were significantly correlated with soil water contents (P<0.05) which reflected the precipitation regime. The lower elevation and shallower soil (2-3cm depth) at the restored site may contribute to their higher soil water contents compared to the reference site with ~10cm soil depth, which further led to the earlier peaks of microbial biomass at the two restored sites. Potential N mineralization was positively correlated with LAP at the restored sites whereas with NAG at the reference site (P<0.05), implying that different vegetation composition may provide varying substrates for soil microbes. The build-up of nitrate in the dry spring of 2011 induced a pulse of denitrification after rewetting by a sudden rainfall, implying the presence of a hot moment of denitrification during the dry-rewetting transition period. The decrease of MBC:MBN ratio from dry to wet season indicates a possible microbial composition shift from fungi to bacteria, shedding lights on the potential contribution of fugal groups to denitrification in the dry season. Our study highlight that even under the same climate regime, the small-scale variations could affect the seasonal patterns of N cycling.