电解质
材料科学
电导率
化学工程
动力学
溶剂化
离子电导率
离子
碳酸丙烯酯
化学物理
离子运输机
石墨
活化能
相间
快离子导体
法拉第效率
准固态
电极
离子键合
电阻率和电导率
作者
Zixing Wang,Jianxin Tian,Xin Li,Wei Wang,Tao Zhou,Xiongwen Xu,Peifeng Huang,Yan Duan,Jian‐Fang Wu,Rui Wen,Jilei Liu
摘要
ABSTRACT The small Stokes radius of K + in propylene carbonate (PC) (3.6 Å) potentially promotes fast migration both in the bulk electrolyte and interface. However, the practical applications of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are still hindered by sluggish desolvation kinetics and interfacial instability under low‐temperature conditions. Herein, PC‐based electrolytes with fast ion mobility were designed by coupling the features of high‐concentration electrolytes with the “dragging effect” (non‐solvating interaction) between fluorobenzene (FB) and PC. The optimized electrolyte enriching with contact ion pairs (CIPs) and aggregates (AGGs) exhibits a threefold reduction of viscosity, 40% increased ionic conductivity (∼3.9 mS cm −1 at −10°C), 8% reduced desolvation activation energy (32.5 kJ mol −1 ), and a KF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with a thirteenfold increase of mechanical modulus (16.7 GPa). Consequently, the graphite // K‐FeHCFe full cells maintain over 51% of room‐temperature capacity even at −50°C and exhibit long‐term cycling stability at 25°C (77.4% after 1000 cycles) and −20°C (91.2% after 300 cycles). Furthermore, 70 mAh pouch cells deliver 90% capacity retention after 100 cycles at −10°C. This work elucidates the effects of solvation structure on desolvation kinetics and interfacial stability, providing a design strategy for high‐performance, low‐temperature PIBs.
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