Layered lipid-protein nanoemulsions for the delivery of poorly water-soluble resveratrol

The research presents strategic formulation and potential of lipid-protein nanoemulsions (LP nEs) for the delivery of resveratrol (Res). The evaluation of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, nEs size (50-500 nm), zeta potential (0 to -35 mV), encapsulation efficiencies, and release kinetics of bioactive facilitates the adjudication of optimum compositions. Crosslinking of the gelatin (GEL) with glutaraldehyde (GLU) or citric acid (CA) enhances the overall stability of spherical and layered nEs. The functional structure, physical encapsulation (80-95%), and time-bound release of bioactive (120 min, non-Fickian diffusion) were established using FT-IR, DSC, RP-HPLC, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Higher stability at different temperatures (22 ± 1 °C, -4 °C, and - 20 °C), high encapsulation efficiency, and controlled release of hydrophobic bioactive demonstrate the robustness of the nEs. The use of biodegradable, food-compatible components underscores the potential of LP nEs as an innovative platform for delivering nano-bioactives in the food and medical industries.