蜡
能量收集
材料科学
电气化
接触带电
电压
聚合物
电极
电势能
光电子学
能量(信号处理)
复合材料
纳米技术
电场
可持续能源
石蜡
储能
电流(流体)
机械能
工程物理
化学工程
电荷(物理)
环境科学
化学物理
消散
工艺工程
作者
Behnam Kamare,Mahla Shahabi,Matteo Carpi de Resmini,Tiago Fernandes,Fabian Meder
标识
DOI:10.1002/advs.202515266
摘要
Abstract Droplet impact and rebound on solid surfaces has emerged as a promising method for energy harvesting, typically demonstrated using fluorinated polymers that generate high voltages via liquid–solid contact electrification. However, these materials are non‐degradable and environmentally unsustainable. To address this limitation, bio‐based waxes ‐ selected by their potential role in environmental electrification processes ‐ are explored as sustainable alternatives. Voltage, current, and charge generation are systematically analyzed from water droplets impacting wax‐coated surfaces. Remarkably, natural waxes such as beeswax, operculum wax, and epicuticular plant waxes produced peak voltages up to 500 V and comparable current levels (≈20–40 µA, 10–20 mW peak power) to fluorinated materials under identical conditions. Building on these findings, a flexible, modular, and biodegradable droplet energy harvester is designed using zinc electrodes and wax‐coated electrification sites. By guiding droplets through predefined sliding paths and gates, multiple energy harvesting events per droplet are achieved. These results demonstrate that high‐performance droplet energy harvesting is possible using sustainable materials and tunable harvester design. Additionally, they reveal the need for further investigation of the liquid‐solid electrification mechanism on non‐fluorinated surfaces, both in engineered systems and in nature.
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