Solvent-Free Microwave-Assisted Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution − Synthesis of Aromatic Ethers

Specific (not purely thermal) microwave effects are shown to be highly dependent on the nature of the nucleophilic ion pairs and on the substituents and leaving groups on the aromatic substrates. This can be interpreted in terms of a polarity enhancement during the progress of the reaction and a shift of the position of the transition state along the reaction coordinates. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)