Different Innate Signatures Induced in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Wild-Type Dengue 3 Virus, Attenuated but Reactogenic Dengue 3 Vaccine Virus, or Attenuated Nonreactogenic Dengue 1-4 Vaccine Virus Strains

DNA microarrays were used to assess the innate gene signature in human myeloid dendritic cells infected with chimeric dengue 1-4 vaccines, a wild-type dengue 3 virus, or a classically attenuated serotype 3 vaccine shown to be reactogenic in humans. We observed a very reproducible signature for each of the 4 chimeric dengue vaccines, involving stimulation of type I interferon and associated genes, together with genes encoding chemokines and other mediators involved in the initiation of adaptive responses. In contrast, wild-typeDEN3 virus induced a predominantly inflammatory profile, while the reactogenic attenuated serotype 3 vaccine appeared to induce a blunted response.