Effects of linear and nonlinear piezoelectricity on the electronic properties ofInAs∕GaAsquantum dots

The existence of enormous strain fields in self-assembled quantum dots has led to the expectation of dramatic effects of piezoelectricity. However, only linear piezoelectric tensors were used in all previous calculations. We calculate the piezoelectric properties of self-assembled quantum dots using the linear and quadratic piezoelectric tensors derived from first-principles density functional theory. We find that the previously ignored quadratic term has similar magnitude as the linear term and the two terms tend to cancel each other. We show the effect of piezoelectricity on electron and hole energy levels and wave functions as well as on correlated absorption spectra.