Integrating the study of within- and between-person variability in personality at work.

Research on personality in the workplace has primarily focussed on differences between individuals in their typical thoughts, feelings and behaviours as represented in the five-factor model of personality (McCrae & Costa, 1999). We argue that a within-person conceptualisation of personality offers additional meaningful insights into the role of personality in general and at work in particular. In this chapter we present a multi-level framework that integrates between- and within-person approaches to the study of personality in the workplace. We outline questions of interest that arise within this approach, provide examples from the literature that illustrate each question and highlight future research directions.