Advances in immobilization/stabilization remediation in situ for heavy metal contaminated farmland soils

The immobilization/stabilization agents for remediation of soil in farmland contaminated by heavy metals hawe been characterized by simple convenient and low cost material that does not destroy the structure of soil, but different agents had different remediation effects on soil, crops and heavy metal ions. The remediation effects, advantages and dis-advantages of several kinds of immobilization/stabilization agents were summarized in the paper, and the functional mechanism of immobilization/stabilization remediation and main factors on affecting the remediation by immobilization/stabilization agents have been discussed. The limitation of immobilization/stabilization agents on remediation of soil in farmland contaminated by heavy metals have also been analyzed. The present developments and future directions have been discussed.