Charting New Territories in Obesity Management- Traditional Techniques to Tirzepatide

Obesity, a pervasive global health challenge affecting more than two billion people, requires comprehensive interventions. Traditional approaches, including lifestyle modification, and diverse drugs targeting a gastrointestinal hormone, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (Liraglutide, Semaglutide, Exenatide, Albiglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, Orlistat, Phentermine/Topiramate, Lorcaserin, Sibutramine, Rimonabant) offer tailored strategies; yet their effectiveness is limited and some drugs were taken off the market. Moreover, various surgical modalities, such as Roux-en-Y Bypass surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, intragastric balloons, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), and vagal nerve blockade can be considered but are associated with numerous side effects and require careful monitoring. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel anti-obesity treatments. In this landscape, tirzepatide, initially designed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, emerges as a potential game-changer. Functioning as a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, it not only addresses control but also introduces a fresh perspective on weight reduction. This review intricately explores tirzepatide's mechanism, dissecting insights from clinical studies and positioning it as a major force in obesity treatment. In the middle of significant shifts in obesity management, tirzepatide presents itself as a promising and cost-effective intervention. Its Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval marks a milestone in the realm of obesity therapeutics. Going beyond a recapitulation of findings, the conclusion emphasizes the imperative for ongoing exploration and vigilant safety monitoring in tirzepatide's application.