Research Progress on the Regulation and Developmental Utilization of Bioactive Metabolites Synthesis in Floccularia luteovirens

Floccularia luteovirens is a rare edible and medicinal fungus endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, prized for its abundance of high-value bioactive metabolites such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, and ergothioneine, which exhibit a variety of biological activities including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. Due to the current lack of successful domestication and limited wild resources, liquid fermentation technology has become an important strategy for the large-scale production of its mycelium and bioactive components. This review systematically summarizes the biological characteristics of F. luteovirens, the diversity of its metabolites, biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms influenced by environmental factors, and the application of multi-omics technologies in related research. It is suggested that future studies should integrate multi-omics approaches to elucidate its stress response and metabolic regulatory networks, and achieve high-value utilization of this resource through stress-resistant breeding and optimization of fermentation processes.