Charge-to-spin conversion in fully epitaxial Ru/Cu hybrid nanolayers with interface control

in the epitaxial Ru/Cu hybrid nanolayers, which is in the same range as that of platinum. This work indicates that the interfacial control with hybrid nanolayer structures can extend the SOT-based materials to highly conductive metals, even with weak spin-orbit interactions, toward high stability, low cost, and low energy consumption for spintronic applications.