Nanomaterials driven CRISPR/Cas-based biosensing strategies

The advancement of biosensing has led to increased demands for precise target recognition and highly sensitive detection. Nanomaterials have emerged as indispensable contributors to this development process. Concurrently, the CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated system) also has surfaced as a novel tool that brings new prospects to the field of biosensing. Its notable benefits include accurate recognition, rapid response, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. Significantly, the integration of nanomaterials and CRISPR/Cas exhibits immense potential for diverse applications. To enhance comprehension of biosensing research utilizing nanomaterials and CRISPR/Cas, this review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the distinct functional roles of both components in biosensing approaches. The focus lies on exploring the applications of various nanomaterials (such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, porous framework materials, and other nanomaterials) combined with CRISPR/Cas in the biosensing field. Finally, the review discusses the challenges encountered and outlines future directions, providing valuable insights reference for the development of novel biosensing methodologies.