Siraitia grosvenorii extract improves insulin tolerance and pancreatic islet function in ageing and HFD-induced diabetic mice

). In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, high-purity SI treatment enhanced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and the expression of insulin signaling pathway components. In conclusion, the biosynthesized products of M3 extract and high-purity SI improved insulin tolerance and pancreatic islet function, suggesting potential applications in healthcare products and anti-diabetic therapies.