A review of short-Chain fatty acids in gut and skin: Possible implications in skin aging

The gut–skin axis is an active and bidirectional communication in which gut microbiota impacts skin health and disease. One of the most common microbial metabolites is short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are composed of acetate, propionate, and butyrate generated from the fermentation of dietary fibers. SCFAs are bioactive in nature that are essential in regulating inflammation, immune signalling, oxidative stress, and skin barrier function. In addition, SCFAs stimulate the differentiation of keratinocytes, acetylation of collagen, and have antimicrobial properties, which are important in establishing skin homeostasis and longevity. Currently, new approaches are underway to develop dietary patterns, probiotic strategies, functional food, and delivery systems to induce SCFA generation and function in vivo. Relevant research and review articles were collected using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the information required for this comprehensive review. Key terms used for literature search included gut-skin axis, SCFA, functional food, epithelial integrity, skin aging, inflammation, etc. In this review, we tried to summarised the role and mechanisms of SCFA in gut-skin aging from the published research evidence and discussed on the role of functional foods in managing aging-related diseases.