Multifunctional cellulose-based biomaterials for dental applications: A sustainable approach to oral health and regeneration

Cellulose-based biomaterials, versatile and abundant biopolymers, present significant potential for generating sustainable, multifunctional dental materials. This work reports on recent advances in cellulose-based materials for dental applications. Their unique properties and modern processing techniques were presented. Nanocellulose, cellulose composites, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), and bacterial cellulose (BC) are discussed. The article provides a holistic view of these eco-friendly alternatives to traditional dental materials. Various dental applications that have benefitted from cellulose-based materials were presented, including dental restoration, bone tissue regeneration, wound dressings, dental adhesives, and dental implants. The unique characteristics of these materials enable controlled drug delivery, antibacterial activity, and bioactivity. This leads to better therapeutic outcomes and better dental health. The challenges and limitations associated with the application of cellulose-based materials in dentistry were discussed. Potential directions for future research to overcome these obstacles were provided. The significance of a multidisciplinary approach and a sustainability-focused mindset are emphasized, underscoring the potential of cellulose-based materials to drive innovation in the dental sector, especially considering sustainable environmental technologies. It resonates with the broader goal of evolving and boosting technologies toward more environmentally friendly practises through materials innovation.