Electrophilic (Hetero)Arene C–H Nitration by Ferric Nitrate Nonahydrate in Hexafluoroisopropanol

In this article, we provide an extended substrate scope and more detailed mechanistic studies of an operationally simple and generally applicable arene nitration that we previously reported. This method utilizes safe and inexpensive Fe(NO₃)₃•9H₂O as the nitro source in easily recyclable HFIP and obviates the need for corrosive acids (HNO₃ + H₂SO₄). As a result, we speculated that it could serve as an effective substitute for the traditional mixed acid approach under most scenarios due to its operational simplicity. A general guidance for the application of this method was provided.