Chemical Constituents from the Heartwood of Solanum Verbascifolium L. And Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities Combined Network Pharmacology

Abstract Phytochemical studies on 95 % ethanol extract of the heartwood of Solanum verbascifolium L. resulted in the isolation of one new amide derivative ( 1 ), and 21 known phenylpropanoids compounds. The structures were characterized by spectral analysis and high‐resolution mass spectrometric analysis. The anti‐inflammatory activity of amide compounds 1–4 and 6–9 by investigating their impact on the release of nitric oxide (NO) in MH−S cells. Our findings unveiled significant inhibitory effects on NO secretion. Compound 1 exhibited robust dose‐dependent suppression, with pronounced inhibition observed at both 20 μM (P<0.01) and 40 μM (P<0.01). Furthermore, compound 9 demonstrated noteworthy inhibitory effects at 40 μM (P<0.01). Similarly, compounds 3 and 4 displayed substantial inhibition of NO secretion at the same concentration, although the significance level was slightly lower (P<0.05). It is expected that there is a substantial association between the anti‐inflammatory activities of amides and their targets, specifically PTGS2, by combining network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. This discovery emphasizes amides′ potential as an interesting subject for additional study in the realm of anti‐inflammatory medications.