Beyond Imperfections: Exploring Defects for Breakthroughs in Perovskite Solar Cell Research

Abstract The field of solar systems has undergone rapid development with the emergence of the special material, perovskite. Perovskite's unique mechanism, defect tolerance, has enabled perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), and many studies on this subject have been conducted. “Defect tolerance” indicates that the defects in perovskite are primarily generated at the shallow‐energy level and do not occur through nonradiative recombination. However, this also indicates that defects are well formed in perovskite films and that the shallow defects can transform into deep traps, leading to long‐term stability issues. Therefore, controlling defects in perovskite is essential for developing PSCs with high PCEs. The causes of defects in perovskite are diverse, and the defect patterns differ considerably, particularly depending on the location of the PSCs. In this review, the defects generated in perovskite will be discussed and review several methods for passivating them at different.