Effect of laser pulse energy on atomic lines and molecular bands in femtosecond LIBS of aluminum

Abstract This study explored the characteristics of atomic and molecular emissions in Al plasmas generated by femtosecond lasers. The influence of laser pulse energy on Al atoms and AlO molecules time-integrated spectra was examined. As laser pulse energy increased, the intensity of Al atoms increased, while the emission of AlO molecules first increased and then remained unchanged. Secondly, the vibration temperature of AlO was determined and found to result in strong emission at a low temperature. Finally, the influence of laser pulse energy on the time-resolved spectra of Al atom and AlO molecule was explored, finding consistency with the time-integrated emission. These results indicate that the Al atom and AlO molecule have different sensitivities to femtosecond laser pulse energy. This research enriches our knowledge of femtosecond laser-plasma interactions and has potential applications in material processing and spectroscopic analysis.