There are two kinds of bamboo fiber which show different characteristics.One is regenerated bamboo fiber and the other is natural bamboo fiber.In this paper,studies on the properties and structure of two kinds of bamboo fiber were made.By comparing with other cellulose fibers,it shows that the natural bamboo fiber has high strength,low elongation,and high crystallinity,steady thermal resistance property.And the natural bamboo fiber has advantage in anti-bacterial behavior.However,regenerated bamboo fiber has low strength,low crystallinity,and high moisture regain.It is very similar to viscose.