The hydrolysis conditions for cow hair with sodium hydroxide were optimized by orthogonal test.And the optimum conditions were obtained as follows:a dosage of sodium hydroxide was 6%,hydrolytic time was 8h,hydrolytic temperature was 100 ℃.Then alkaline hydrolysis with Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 respectively were also studied under the same conditions.Their differences in hydrolysis were investigated after determining the amino acid concentration,nitrogen content,viscosity and molecular weight of their hydrolyzate.