A strategy to enhance the up-conversion luminescence of nanospherical, rod-like and tube-like NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ (Tm3+) by combining with carbon dots

The luminescence enhanced strategy of combining the material with carbon dots to form CDs@NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ (Tm³⁺) composites is effective not only for the cubic- and hexagonal-phase materials but also for those with different morphologies.