PRIMARY IMPLANT STABILITY: A LEAP TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL OSSEOINTEGRATION – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Implant stability can be defined as an absence of clinical implant mobility and consists of primary and secondary implant stability. It has been recognised as one of the most important and useful factors when it comes to predicting implant anchorage. Primary stability includes the mechanical attachment of an implant in the surrounding bone at the insertion, whereas secondary implant stability is the tissue response to the implant and subsequent bone remodelling processes. It is known to be a crucial factor for successful osseointegration of dental implants. There is sufficient evidence to accept a positive correlation between primary implant stability and implant success, as the success relies on the sustainable integration of the implants into hard and soft tissues. This review extensively focuses on different factors affecting primary stability such as implant design and characteristics, bone quality and methods to measure implant stability. KEYWORDS: bone density, dental implants, implant stability, osseodensification, osseointegration