汽车工程
能源消耗
电
有效载荷(计算)
非线性系统
线性化
工程类
计算机科学
运筹学
电气工程
计算机网络
量子力学
物理
网络数据包
作者
Yiyong Xiao,Yue Zhang,Ikou Kaku,Rui Kang,Xing Pan
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111567
摘要
Electric vehicles (EVs) are witnessing a surge in demand and production for their environmental benefits. This study reviews the development of electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) in transport logistics. The review found that few existing EVRP models considered integrally the unique characteristics of EVs, such as the nonlinear charging function, nonlinear electricity-consumption function, and dynamic driving ranges. This study develops a new comprehensive model of the EVRP that considers a general energy/electricity consumption function for EVs that factor in energy losses (aerodynamic, tire friction, drivetrain, ancillary, and kinetic/potential losses), nonlinear charging function with the piecewise linearization technique, efficient visits to charge stations, and continuous decision variables for speed, payload, travel time, recharging, etc. The newly developed model is much closer to reality by integrating most of the unique characteristics of EVs known so far, and therefore it advances the state-of-the-art in EVRP. Computational experiments on Solomon's instances were done to exhibit the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed model under the effects of air conditioner, battery capacity, and travel speed. These experiments demonstrated that the model can obtain more practical logistics plans for an EV fleet with a lower total emissions cost and higher energy utilization.
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