Robotic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate microsurgical free flap reconstruction: Feasibility and aesthetic results – Case series

The application of robotic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (R-NSM) has allowed mastectomy to be performed via a small incision. Breast reconstruction with free autologous tissue results in the most natural and long-lasting results, however, its application in R-NSM can be difficult via the small incision and haven't been explored in depth. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility and aesthetic outcome of free perforator flap breast reconstruction via small lateral chest wall incision after R-NSM.A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients who received R-NSM and free perforator flap reconstruction as the study group and patients who received conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy (C-NSM) and free perforator flap reconstruction as the control group from January 2018 to August 2020 by single reconstructive surgeon. Patient demographic data, complications from both mastectomy and reconstruction, status of resection margin and oncological outcome were reviewed. Aesthetic outcome was evaluated by 9 plastic surgeons.A total of 63 patients were included of which 22 (34.9%) received R-NSM and 41 (65.1%) received C-NSM. Their demographic data, reconstruction flaps, overall complication rate and follow up time were similar. Unlike C-NSM, majority of the R-NSM groups used the thoracodorsal or lateral thoracic vessels as the recipient vessels. Patients in the R-NSM group has smaller scar and better aesthetic outcome in the symmetry of breast inframammary fold, scar location and visibility, and overall aesthetic outcome.Although with difficulty in microvascular anastomosis and flap inset and shaping, R-NSM with perforator flap reconstruction presented with equal surgical and oncological safety with C-NSM and even better aesthetic results.