Two New Prostaglandin‐Like Compounds from Callicarpa arborea Roxb and Their NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Inhibitory Activity

Abstract Two new prostaglandin‐like compounds callicarboric acids A−B (1 – 2) , along with six known compounds (3 – 8) were isolated from the stems of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. Their structures were determined with the help of modern spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, ECD with the assistance of quantum chemical calculations. Compound 1 exhibited remarkable anti‐NLRP3 inflammasome activation potential, demonstrating an IC 50 value of 0.74 μM. Additionally, by reducing GSDMD‐NT production, inhibiting caspase‐1 activation, and suppressing IL‐1β secretion, it effectively mitigated NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells. These findings indicate that compound 1 possesses the capability to be a valuable candidate for further research and development as an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor.