Feasibility and efficacy of real-time teleresistance exercise programs for physical function in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Hip fractures substantially impair quality of life and functional outcomes in elderly individuals. With incidence rates rising globally and in Thailand, effective rehabilitation strategies are crucial. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of teleresistance exercise programs compared with traditional exercise booklets in elderly patients following hip fracture surgery. A single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. Elderly patients aged 60 to 90 years who had undergone hip fracture surgery were randomized into two groups. The intervention group received a 12-week teleresistance exercise program, whereas the control group followed an exercise booklet. The primary outcome was the short physical performance battery (SPPB). The secondary outcomes were the two-minute walk test (2MWT) score, knee extension strength, and anxiety level. Thirty-three participants with a mean age of 76.8 years (SD 8.6) were enrolled. At 12 weeks, the intervention group presented significant improvements in SPPB scores compared with those of the control group (P = 0.040). There were no significant differences in 2MWT, knee extension strength or anxiety scores between the groups. The improvements in SPPB and 2MWT scores for the intervention group surpassed the minimal clinically important difference. Compared with traditional exercise booklets, teleresistance exercise programs significantly enhance physical function in elderly patients following hip fracture surgery. This method offers a feasible and effective alternative to standard rehabilitation approaches. Future research should explore long-term effects and refine exercise protocols for telerehabilitation.