Wearable microfluidic devices for multiplex body fluid monitoring

Wearable microfluidic devices enable multiplexed, continuous monitoring of analytes in body fluids such as sweat, interstitial fluid, tears, and saliva, providing comprehensive data for personalized health management and disease diagnosis. These devices hold the potential to revolutionize traditional healthcare paradigms. This review systematically summarizes recent strategies for the design and fabrication of such devices, including microfluidic platforms, sensing units, and microelectronic systems, and provides a framework for achieving efficient body-fluid collection, transport, and detection. By analyzing recent case studies across different body fluids, we outline advancements in high-reliability designs, hybrid multimodal sensing, artificial intelligence integration, and battery-free operation, as well as their potential to accelerate commercialization. Finally, key challenges in translating laboratory prototypes to market-ready products are discussed, offering guidance for future development of robust, multifunctional wearable microfluidic systems.