Skin Relevant Biomaterials from Wound Healing, Medical Aesthetics, Flexible Electronics to Artificial Intelligence and Beyond

Recent advancements in biomaterials have profoundly transformed the fields of dermatology and tissue engineering, etc., offering innovative solutions that markedly improve skin treatment outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials tailored for skin treatments and skin-related medical devices, including wound healing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, dermatological therapies, medical aesthetics, e-skin, and skin-related surgery-assistant devices. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into biomaterial design has facilitated the development of adaptive and predictive systems capable of responding dynamically to the skin's physiological needs. Moreover, an in-depth understanding of the interactions between biomaterials and cells, as well as the activation of biological pathways and regulation of cellular processes is pivotal for enhancing skin health and function. Looking forward, the main efforts toward future in this field are suggested as follows: 1) Development of novel materials remains central; 2) Responsive biomaterials enable precise therapy; 3) Integration with cell therapy is pivotal in regenerative medicine; 4) In-depth investigations into material-driven biological mechanisms are critical for innovative design of skin-related materials; 5) Interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for the rapid evolution of biomaterials; 6) Enhanced applications of AI is driving the development of adaptive and predictive biomaterials.