Characterization of the metabolism of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica growing as a biofilm

Abstract Yarrowia lipolytica is a well-characterized yeast with remarkable metabolic adaptability. It is capable of producing various products from different carbon sources and easily switching between planktonic and biofilm states. A biofilm represents a natural means of cell immobilization that could support continuous cultivation and production processes, such as perfusion cultivation. However, the metabolic activities of Y. lipolytica in biofilms have not yet been studied in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the metabolic activities of Y. lipolytica in biofilm and planktonic states. Conventionally, a stirred tank bioreactor was used to cultivate Y. lipolytica in a planktonic state. On the other hand, a trickle bed bioreactor system was used for biofilm cultivation. The low pH at 3 was maintained to favor polyol production. The accumulation of citric acid was observed over time only in the biofilm state, which significantly differed from the planktonic state. Although the biofilm cultivation process has lower productivity, it has been observed that the production rate remains constant and the total product yield is comparable to the planktonic state when supplied with 42% oxygen-enriched air. This finding indicates that the biofilm state has the potential for continuous bioprocessing applications and is possibly a feasible option.