Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-polyacrylamide/covalent organic framework hydrogel at room temperature for the efficient removal of triazole fungicides from environmental water

Triazole is frequently-used fungicide, which can leach into surface water through farmland and cause serious environmental pollution. Continuous exposure to triazole fungicides may cause harm to human health. Herein, β-cyclodextrin-polyacrylamide/covalent organic framework (β-CD-PAAM/TFPB-BD) hydrogel was fabricated at room temperature and used for the efficient removal of triazole fungicides. It displayed a short adsorption equilibrium time (50 min) and a total qe of 79.92 mg g-1. The adsorption process for triazole fungicides on β-CD-PAAM/TFPB-BD hydrogel conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model. The prepared hydrogel was recyclable and resistant to salt, high temperature, acid, and alkali. The reusability of fabricated sorbent can be achieved (i.e., five extraction cycles) for removal of target fungicides. Moreover, the β-CD-PAAM/TFPB-BD hydrogel was successfully applied to remove triazole fungicides in environmental water with removal efficiency ranging from 79.4% to 99.0%.