Enhanced actuation performance of multiple stimuli responsive PDMS-based bilayer actuators by adding ionic liquid

Soft actuators are in high demand for applications such as sensors, soft robotics, biomimetic devices, and actuators that can respond to different energies have enormous advantages. The soft actuators that can respond to diverse energy sources are greatly advantageous. In this study, we developed a PDMS ion gel/graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide bilayer actuator, with its performance elevated by infusing ionic liquid into PDMS. The fabricated bilayer actuator exhibits rapid response and significant deformation even under minimal energy stimuli. Specifically, it can achieve bend angles of 43°, 53°, and 63°within 2 s when exposed to voltage, light, and humidity variations, respectively. Building on this technology, we engineered a mechanical gripper that adeptly holding an object 52 times heavier than the total mass of the actuators used, showcasing the actuator’s commendable practical application potential. Moreover, the actuator is robust, maintaining its deformation prowess even after 1,000 operational cycles.