Preparation of high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries using bamboo waste: Achieving resource recycling

Bamboo exhibits various excellent properties and is widely used in construction. However, appropriate disposal of the bamboo waste generated in a green manner is difficult. To realize resource recycling, we used a simple treatment method to prepare waste bamboo as a negative electrode material exhibiting considerable electrochemical properties for sodium-ion batteries. The electrochemical properties of high-temperature calcination materials considerably improved after impurity removal treatment using an acid solution, which was performed to eliminate the influence of impurities on electrochemical properties. However, the materials still could not meet commercial requirements. A simple pre-oxidation modification treatment enabled the introduction of O atoms into the carbon skeleton to expand the layer spacing, improved the transport kinetics of Na + in the carbon skeleton, and further increased the platform capacity of the pre-oxidation material. The preoxidative high-temperature co-treated materials exhibited a specific charge capacity close to 280 mAh g −1 at a 0.1 C rate and a capacity attenuation of almost zero after 100 cycles, and showing a specific charge capacity of more than 150 mAh g −1 at a 2 C rate test. In the context of sustainable development , this study makes waste bamboo become a candidate of low-cost negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. • Waste bamboo is used to make hard carbon anode material. • Acid leaching and pre-oxidation treatment can form more defects. • The hard carbon demonstrates admirable electrochemical performance.