NT-proBNP predicts the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure and mortality in patients with cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a major clinical event in cirrhosis that is characterized by high mortality rates and a short window for liver transplantation. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been suggested as a prognostic biomarker in cirrhosis. However, its accuracy in predicting the development of ACLF or mortality in candidates for liver transplantation remains unknown. This observational, retrospective, single-center study included 277 consecutive patients with cirrhosis who were listed for liver transplantation between 2014 and 2020 in Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical data, including sarcopenia, serum cystatin C (CysC), and NT-proBNP levels, were collected at listing. The median MELD-Na and NT-proBNP levels at the time of listing were 16 points (13–22) and 123 (58–257) pg/mL, respectively. High NT-proBNP levels (≥125 pg/mL) were associated with the development of ACLF (subhazard ratio: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.76–9.10; p <0.001) and mortality (subhazard ratio: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.28–11.79, p =0.02) after adjusting for MELD-Na and CysC. Patients with NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL showed a significantly higher incidence of ACLF at 3 months (28.5% vs. 3.6%; p <0.001) and 12 months (49.2% vs. 6.1%; p <0.001). Mortality in the waiting list at 1 year was also significantly higher in patients with NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL (22.3% vs. 4%; p <0.001). Serum NT-proBNP emerges as a promising prognostic biomarker for ACLF development and mortality in patients with cirrhosis on the waiting list. Its integration into clinical practice could facilitate preventive interventions and improve prioritization on the waiting list.