Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the senescence and neurite injury of retinal ganglion cells in DR via targeting VDR and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis

Rg1 ameliorates neuropathy of DR by activating VDR non-genomic pathway and facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis. These results suggest a therapeutic approach for mitigating neurodegeneration in early DR, and provide insights into the potential clinical application of VDR agonism with Rg1 in regulating mitochondrial quality control.