A Systematic Review of the Effect of Balance and Cognitive Dual Task on the Elderly Using Virtual Reality Technology

This study conducts a comprehensive review of dual-task interventions targeting older adults, which integrate both balance and cognitive tasks using virtual reality (VR) technology. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review guidelines, we meticulously analyzed 16 selected papers, with particular attention to evidence levels and bias risks. Our findings revealed that 10 studies presented as first-level evidence with minimal bias risk. Among the dual tasks explored, standing balance (14 cases) and attention (16 cases) emerged as the most prevalent. To assess physical intervention effects, researchers utilized 30 assessment tools, with the Mini-BESTest and Timed Up and Go being the most frequently employed. Similarly, 42 cognitive assessment tools were utilized, with the trail making test and Stroop test being the most common. The study highlights various dual-task types and their associated outcomes, shedding light on the potential of VR-based interventions for enhancing the physical and cognitive well-being of older adults. However, future research should focus on standardizing intervention parameters and exploring the long-term effects of these interventions to maximize their effectiveness. By providing evidence-based insights, this research contributes to the development of effective fall prevention programs tailored to the unique needs of older populations.