Highly stable bidentate thiol-protected Ag5Cu4 nanoclusters: A Stable Catalyst for Enhanced Knoevenagel Condensation

The bidentate thiol-protected Ag5Cu4 nanocluster exhibits exceptional stability, achieving 91% yield in the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and malononitrile (24 h). Upon carbon black immobilization, the yield rises to 97%, demonstrating enhanced catalytic synergy and robust heterogeneous catalysis.