Two-dimensional nanomaterials: A critical review of recent progress, properties, applications, and future directions

Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D nanomaterials) are a sophisticated advanced class of atomically thick nanomaterials that consist of a single to few layers of atoms. The lateral size of the 2D nanomaterials can reach up to micrometers, and even longer can be produced by improving synthesis methods. The 2D nanomaterials have unique features of high anisotropy, effective surface area, mechanical strength, plasmonic, electron confinement, and optical properties. According to the class, the 2D nanomaterials can be tuned to superconductors, semiconductors to insulators. 2D nanomaterials are extensively explored for membranes, energy production/storage, tissue engineering, sensing, and catalytic applications. In this review, we concisely discussed the synthesis, key characteristics, and striking properties of 2D nanomaterials. Finally, review concludes with a future perspective and conclusive remarks. Indeed, ultrathin 2D nanomaterials have become critical players in every field of material science. In the near future, these materials will be revolutionary in the energy and environmental sectors.