Novel research methods for estimating the impact of energy use on ecological environment: evidence from B.R.I.C.S. economies

The current study looked at the influence of fossil-fuel energy (E.U.) consumption, renewable power generation and greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (B.R.I.C.S.) between 1990 and 2020. The latest study also takes into account the influence of gross domestic product (G.D.P.) and technological innovation on carbon emissions. Using cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, the order of the unit root is also determined. The findings acquired by the application of moment quantile regression. The research finds that G.D.P. and the usage of E.U. increase carbon emissions at the 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th quantiles. On the other hand, renewable energy generation and technical innovation reduce carbon emissions at the 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th quantiles. Furthermore, while implementing B.R.I.C.S. economies' energy, environment, and growth policies based on empirical data, policymakers should analyse the asymmetry behaviour of G.D.P., E.U. consumption, renewable power output and technological innovation.