Using type III recombinant human collagen to construct a series of highly porous scaffolds for tissue regeneration

As an alternative biopolymer material without the risks of the use of animal-derived collagens in soft tissue engineering applications, recombinant human collagen polypeptide (RHC) was used to construct three-dimensional porous scaffolds. RHC and RHC-chitosan (RHC-CHI) porous scaffolds were fabricated using a freeze-drying method to create highly porous internal structures and then cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). All scaffolds had interconnected porous structures with high porosity (90%), and pore size that ranged from 111 µm to 159 µm. The swelling ability and in vitro degradation of the prepared scaffolds were investigated. The mechanical properties could be tailored to meet the requirements of end-use application by adjusting the concentrations of the polymer or cross-linking agent, and the resulting mechanical strengths were comparable to those of biological soft tissues. The cytocompatibility of the fabricated porous scaffolds was investigated by seeding 3T3 fibroblasts into the porous structures, and then cell proliferation, distribution, morphology, and synthesis of extra cellular matrix-associated proteins were assessed. The results indicated that RHC-based porous scaffolds were non-cytotoxic and promoted the attachment and proliferation of the seeded cells. Finally, the in vivo study proved these porous scaffolds were able to accelerate the cell infiltration and collagen deposition that promoted the wound closure. Overall, the results indicate that RHC-based porous scaffolds show promise for use in soft tissue engineering due to their excellent in vitro cytocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties. • Recombinant human collagen based porous scaffolds fabricated by freeze-drying. • Carbodiimide reinforces the tissue engineering porous scaffolds. • Mechanical strengths of scaffolds are comparable to some of native tissue. • Porous scaffolds promote the proliferation and migration of seeded fibroblasts.